For information on a specific unit, click on the first letter of its name: Answers to the three most frequently asked How many micrograms (µg, ug or mcg) in a 1000 micrograms = 1 milligram, and 1000 milligrams = 1 How can I convert from international units (IU) to milligrams or micrograms? Generally speaking, you can't. IU's measure the potency of a drug, not its mass or weight. What countries besides the U.S. have not adopted the Many U.S. teachers think the answer is "Liberia and Burma" (make that Myanmar). Let's give Liberia and Myanmar aAll countries have adopted the metric system, including the U.S., and most countries (but not the U.S.) have taken steps to eliminate most uses of traditionalHowever, in nearly all countries people still use traditional units sometimes, at least in colloquialBecoming metric is not a one-time event that has either happened or not. It is a process that happensEvery country is somewhere in this process of

going metric, some much further along than others. in the United States the kilowatt year, an energy unit Dvorak T-numbers to measure tropical cyclones the ream as an area measure for film or paperboard Americans probably use a greater variety of units of measurement than anyone else in the world. Caught in a slow-moving transition from customary to metric units, we employ a fascinating and sometimes frustrating mixture of units in talking about the same things. measure the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches. We speak of an engine's power in horsepower and its displacement in liters. In the same dispatch, we describe a hurricane's wind speed in knots and its central pressure Furthermore, our English customary units do not form a consistent system. Reflecting their diverse roots in Celtic, Roman, Saxon, and Norse cultures, they are often confusingThere are two systems for land measurement (one

based on the yard and the other on the rod) and a third system forair conditioner window unit not coldThere are two systems (avoirdupois and troy) forportable ac unit vs window small weights and two more (based on the long and short tons) forcarrier home ac unitsAmericans use two systems for volumes (one for dry commodities and one for liquids) and the British use a third (British Meanwhile, only a few Americans know that the legal definitions of the English customary units are actually based on metric units. U. S. and British governments have agreed that a yard equals exactly 0.9144 meter and an avoirdupois pound equals exactly 0.453 592 37In this way, all the units of measurement Americans use every day are based on the standards of the metric

Since 1875, in fact, the United States has subscribed to the International System of Weights and Measures, the official version of the metric system. This dictionary began as a collection of notes describing the relationship between various English and metric units. grew until it finally became too large a word-processing document; couldn't find my way around in it any more. So I turned it into a folder of html documents and added it to my Internet site. months, no one looked at the site except me and my students. gradually, the dictionary began to attract users from around theMany users were kind enough to point out errors; suggested additions and improvements. Questions about units began to appear in my email inbox. Sometimes I could answer the questions, Today the dictionary has become a kind of interactive resource. grows slowly and steadily, mostly through suggestions from readers and my efforts to answer questions posed by readers.

participate in this process! let me know if you find any errors on the site, or if you can't find what you wanted to know, or if you know of units used in your field of study or in your part of the world that aren't included. I hope you find the dictionary useful and informative. You are welcome to email the author (rowlett@email.unc.edu) with comments and All material in this folder is copyright © 2005 by Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Permission is granted for personal use and for use by individual teachers in conducting their own classes. You are welcome to make links to this or any page ofPlease do not copy the contents of any page of the dictionaryThe material at this site is updated frequently as new information is added, so linking to the site rather than copying it is in the best interests of everyone. The information contained in the dictionary is as accurate as I can make it;

please notify me if you find anyNeither the author nor the University of North Carolina assumes any liability for uses made of the information presented by this web site. dictionary is not designed to promote any system of measurement. purpose is to present information useful to anyone interested in the subject. Enter in the alloy, shape, and number of pieces followed by dimensions and its weight will be calculated.EnglishArabicBengaliChinese SimplifiedChinese TraditionalCroatianCzechDanishGermanDutchEstonianFarsiFinnishFrenchGreekIcelandicIndonesianItalianJapaneseKoreanLithuanianNorwegianPolishPortuguese (Portugal)PortugueseRomanianRussianSwedishSlovakSpanishThaiTurkishUkrainian Please answer the questions below to calculate the ten year probability of fracture with BMD. Print tool and information For the clinical risk factors a yes or no response is asked for. If the field is left blank, then a "no" response is assumed. See also notes on risk factors.

The risk factors used are the following: The model accepts ages between 40 and 90 years. If ages below or above are entered, the programme will compute probabilities at 40 and 90 year, respectively. This should be entered in kg. This should be entered in cm. A previous fracture denotes more accurately a previous fracture in adult life occurring spontaneously, or a fracture arising from trauma which, in a healthy individual, would not have resulted in a fracture. Enter yes or no (see also notes on risk factors). This enquires for a history of hip fracture in the patient's mother or father. Enter yes or no. Enter yes or no depending on whether the patient currently smokes tobacco (see also notes on risk factors). Enter yes if the patient is currently exposed to oral glucocorticoids or has been exposed to oral glucocorticoids for more than 3 months at a dose of prednisolone of 5mg daily or more (or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids) (see also notes on risk factors).

Enter yes where the patient has a confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Otherwise enter no (see also notes on risk factors). Enter yes if the patient has a disorder strongly associated with osteoporosis. These include type I (insulin dependent) diabetes, osteogenesis imperfecta in adults, untreated long-standing hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism or premature menopause (<45 years), chronic malnutrition, or malabsorption and chronic liver disease Alcohol 3 or more units/day Enter yes if the patient takes 3 or more units of alcohol daily. A unit of alcohol varies slightly in different countries from 8-10g of alcohol. This is equivalent to a standard glass of beer (285ml), a single measure of spirits (30ml), a medium-sized glass of wine (120ml), or 1 measure of an aperitif (60ml) (see also notes on risk factors). Bone mineral density (BMD)Please select the make of DXA scanning equipment used and then enter the actual femoral neck BMD (in g/cm2). Alternatively, enter the T-score based on the NHANES III female reference data.

In patients without a BMD test, the field should be left blank (see also notes on risk factors) (provided by Oregon Osteoporosis Center). Notes on risk factors A special situation pertains to a prior history of vertebral fracture. A fracture detected as a radiographic observation alone (a morphometric vertebral fracture) counts as a previous fracture. A prior clinical vertebral fracture or a hip fracture is an especially strong risk factor. The probability of fracture computed may therefore be underestimated. Fracture probability is also underestimated with multiple fractures. These risk factors appear to have a dose-dependent effect, i.e. the higher the exposure, the greater the risk. This is not taken into account and the computations assume average exposure. Clinical judgment should be used for low or high exposures. RA is a risk factor for fracture. However, osteoarthritis is, if anything, protective. For this reason reliance should not be placed on a patient's report of 'arthritis' unless there is clinical or laboratory evidence to support the diagnosis.