He went to a 4-year college and then waited tables at a restaurant even as he struggled to pay off college loans. Two years later, he did what many Americans are doing less and less: he became an apprentice. There are 5.8 million job openings in the United States -- a record high number. It's a positive, and indicates that companies are hiring. But hidden behind the huge number of job openings is the fact many Americans don't have the skills to fill them. One possible solution is apprenticeships like Taylor's. You get paid while you learn and work. What's better is you complete an apprenticeship with no student debt and some of those skilled jobs pay better than entry level positions on Wall Street. "Apprenticeship is the other college, except without the debt," U.S. Secretary of Labor Tom Perez told CNNMoney. President Obama is betting on apprenticeships to help bridge the job skills gap. His administration set aside $175 million in grants -- the largest ever federal grant program for apprenticeships.

A native of Hazlet, NJ, Taylor left New York's St. John's University with $75,000 in student loan debt. He knew that making ends meet while paying off his mountain of debt wouldn't be feasible on a job waiting tables. He thought about being a cop in 2009 but no one was hiring during the Great Recession. how long to ac units last in floridaTaylor is now in a 5-year apprentice program at Plumbers Local 1 in Queens, N.Y. air handling unit australiaEvery two weeks, he attends class one day and works nine days -- each of those days, including his class, are paid for by the program. how to change air filter in ac unitWages may not be growing across the country, but they are growing for many apprentices. Taylor makes $28 an hour. Next year, as his skills improve, he will make $42 an hour.

Taylor has paid down much of his student loan debt and he bought a house in Hazlet, NJ, last year with his wife, who's expecting their first child. When Taylor finishes the apprenticeship, he can opt to take a few more classes to obtain an associates degree -- all paid for by the apprenticeship program. "I wish I would've done this sooner," says Taylor. "How many 28-year old kids do you know that can actually own a home?" Taylor and other plumbing apprentices, like Nick Broadbent (pictured above), make $117,000 on average in their first year out of the program. That's right: plumbers pull in more fixing pipes at Wall Street banks than entry level bankers. "Rightfully so, we have more skills than the bankers," quipped Chris Pancia, another apprentice at Plumbers Local 1. Apprenticeships appear to be gaining momentum this year, but it hasn't been always been that way. In fact, between 2002 and 2013, the number of apprentices in the U.S. dropped from 469,000 to 288,000, according to the Labor Department, as the programs were slashed.

Labor unions have historically funded apprenticeship programs -- not the federal government. And as labor unions have lost bargaining power over time, funding and popularity for apprenticeships has whittled down. A push to send more high schoolers to 4-year colleges and budget cuts during the recession didn't help either. "As the country goes more and more non-union, these opportunities have disappeared," says Arthur Klock, director of the Plumber Local 1 apprenticeship. Apprenticeships aren't that easy to get in either. Klock's apprenticeship has about 500 spots, but he routinely gets 2,000 applicants. Some apprentices like Broadbent camp outside for three days just to get an application in. Klock says his program has a 90% completion rate. Apprenticeships are not without fault. Not all apprentices go on to 6-figure salary jobs. Some programs are heavily skewed towards white men. Programs like Plumber Local 1 have made a push to include more minorities and women. Still, apprenticeships nationwide tend to lack diversity.

Klock argues that he tries to recruit women and gets laughed at. However, there are women like Brandi Dunham, a Milwaukee native and big Green Bay Packers fan. "You can't live in Milwaukee and not be a fan," she says. Dunham took online college courses with the University of Phoenix in 2006 and took on student debt. Dunham worked for nine years as a bank teller making $22,000 a year. Eager for a change and a raise, Dunham applied to be an assembly worker at Hayes Brake, a Milwaukee-area company that makes brakes for motorcycles and farming equipment. Hayes offered to pay for Dunham to take an 18-month apprenticeship program while she worked. Dunham, 32, finished last year and now makes $37,000 a year. Dunham wants to make more -- and she expects she will -- but it's a big boost from her days as a bank teller, and she gets to spend weekends with her 17-year-old son -- something she didn't have at the bank. "I was new to the whole factory setting...with the class I was able to learn a lot of different things," says Dunham.

There are some downsides. Some say they feel under appreciated by their customers and sense a negative stigma about hands-on work from the desk job workers. Stigmas aside, apprentices say their training and career track is putting them on the path to the middle class. It could help bridge another gap: income inequality. "The pay is good, often better than a college grad can earn out of the gate. This opens the door to closing income gaps," says Diane Swonk, chief economist at Mesirow Financial in Chicago. "Not everyone is built for a [4-year] college degree." Basically, you need a license to bid on any job over $750 To find out who is a licensed contractor in or call (602) 542 1525. Arizona issues separate licenses for commercial and residential work for each particular trade or construction field. Licenses are good forTo apply for either license, contact: You'll have to pass an exam before you can apply for aTo apply for the exam, contact: You must pass a business management exam within

six months from when you apply for it. After that you'll have one year to applyExam details are as follows: Licensing laws and rules Safety, record keeping & Labor laws & employment Then there's a three-hour exam (except for the Electrical and Electrical and transmission lines exams which are four hours long) on a trade Here's a summary of the commercial construction trades you can be licensed in, years of experience you need, and whether you have to pass a trade exam for the license: *3-1/2 years practical experience plus 1/2 year solar exam fees: All exam questions areThe cost for the exam is $63 for the Business Management exam or one trade exam. If you apply for the business law and one trade exam, the cost is $120. is two and one-half hours. for details on study references - they vary for each classification. After you pass the exam, you can complete your licenseYou'll need a financial statement, proof of Workers' Compensation Insurance

if you have employees, and a bond. The amount of the bond depends on the type of license you're getting and the gross amount of business you expect to do in Arizona. commercial contractor licenses, bonds can be from $5,000 to $90,000 for each license. residential contractor licenses, they're from $1,000 to $15,000 each. contractors also need to pay into the Arizona Recovery Fund. The amount of the payment may vary from year to year depending on how much the Fund has accumulated over the year. $890 for each commercial construction general or $645 for each commercial specialty construction trade $445 for each residential construction general or engineering classification $320 for most residential specialty construction trades $1,105 for each dual general classification $815 for each specialty duel classification *Note: All residential and dual licenses require participation in the recovery fund. You can either participate by paying $450

or post a consumer bond for $200,000. Arizona has reciprocity agreements with California, Nevada, and Utah which will let you skip any trade exam you already have a license for. for this you must: Your experience and licensing in another state may help you qualify for a license but you still must be issued a license by the Arizona Registrar of Recommended Reading for the Business NASCLA Contractors Guide to Business, Law, and Project Management, Arizona, Fifth Edition, 2008, National and Builders' Publishing Company, 1001 East Jefferson Street, Suite 5, State of Arizona OSHA, Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry (29 CFR Part 1926), 2007, Arizona Industrial Commission, Division of Occupational Safety & Health, Industrial Commission of Arizona, P.O. Box 19070, Phoenix, AZ 85005-9070, www.ica.state.az.us. Statutes, February 2007 Edition, Arizona Registrar of Contractors, 3838 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85012, www.azroc.gov.