Murata Power Solutions designs, manufactures and distributes DC-DC Converter, AC-DC Power Supply, Magnetic and Digital Panel Meter product lines, and offers these products in custom, standard and modified-standard variations. Murata products are used within electronic applications serving major global market sectors including telecommunications, computing, industrial controls, healthcare, energy management systems and more. Your preferred power partner... Delivering innovative solutions you can rely on...again and again Sign up to receive information about Murata Power Solutions' latest developments in:An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows a computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost. It also provides protection from power surges.You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. A UPS contains a that "kicks in" when the device senses a loss of power from the primary source.

If you are using the computer when the UPS notifies you of the power loss, you have time to save any data you are working on and exit gracefully before the secondary power source (the battery) runs out. When all power runs out, any data in your computer's random access memory () is erased. When power surges occur, a UPS so that it doesn't damage the computer. Every UPS converts incoming AC to DC through a rectifier, and converts it back with an inverter. Batteries or flywheels store energy to use in a utility failure. A bypass circuit routes power around the rectifier and inverter, running the IT load on incoming utility or generator power. While UPS systems are commonly called double-conversion, line-interactive and standby designs, these terms have been used inconsistently and manufacturers implement them differently: At least one system allows any of the three modes. The International ElectroTechnical Commission (IEC) adopted more technically descriptive terminology in IEC Std. 62040.

Voltage and frequency independent (VFI) UPS systems are called dual or double conversion because incoming AC is rectified to DC to keep batteries charged and drive the inverter. The inverter re-creates steady AC power to run the IT equipment.what size central air conditioner unit do i need for my house When power fails the batteries drive the inverter, which continues to run the information technology (IT) load. best home ac air filtersWhen power is restored, either from the utility or a generator, the rectifier delivers direct current (DC) to the inverter and simultaneously recharges the batteries. carrier hvac parts diagramThe inverter runs full time. Utility input is completely isolated from the output, and bypass is only used for maintenance safety or if there's an internal electronics failure.

Since there is no break in the power delivered to the IT equipment, vacuum fault interrupter (VFI) is generally considered the most robust form of UPS. Most systems synchronize the output frequency with the input, but that's not necessary, so it still qualifies as frequency independent. Every power conversion incurs a loss, so the wasted energy has historically been considered the price of ultimate reliability. The newest VFI systems claim better than 96% efficiency at nearly all loads. Voltage independent (VI), or true line interactive UPSes have a controlled output voltage, but the same output frequency as the input. Frequency independence is rarely a concern with power in developed countries. Utility power feeds directly to the output and IT equipment, and the rectifier keeps the batteries charged. The inverter is paralleled with the output, compensating for voltage dips and acting as an active filter for voltage spikes and harmonics. Rectifier and inverter losses only occur when incoming power fluctuates.

Flywheels and motor/generator sets also qualify as VI. When incoming power fails, or the voltage goes out of range, the bypass quickly disconnects from the input and the battery drives the inverter. When input power is restored, the bypass re-engages the input, re-charges the batteries, and keeps output voltage constant. UPS vendors who use paralleled power sources claim no loss of reliability. The result is around 98% energy efficiency. Voltage and frequency dependent (VFD), or standby UPS, is operationally similar to VI and is sometimes mistakenly called line interactive. In conventional VFD systems the inverter is turned off, so it can take as long as 10 to 12 milliseconds (ms) to start creating power. That break can crash servers, making legacy VFD UPSes a bad fit for data centers. New VFD concepts have the inverter producing power within 2 ms after being activated. The bypass is normally engaged, just as with VI, so equipment operates directly from the utility or generator.

Since the inverter isn't working until power fails, there is no voltage control or power consumed, enabling efficiencies as high as 99%. Power failure or voltage outside of range opens the bypass switch, disengaging input from output; the inverter starts operating from the batteries. The rectifier is only large enough to keep the batteries charged.Ensign Power Systems can meet all your power needs.The challenges faced by AC/DC power supply developers today are achieving high power factor, low THD, and high efficiency across line and load conditions, high power density or reduced size, high reliability, and low system cost. Advanced power topologies such as interleaved PFC, bridgeless PFC, phase-shifted full-bridge DC/DC, LLC resonant DC/DC, and ZVS PWM DC/DC are commonly employed in today's designs addressing these needs. In addition, OEMs are demanding additional features such as more sophisticated fault diagnosis, power measurement, and more extensive status reporting over I2C or CAN interface.

Digital controllers offer the obvious advantages of combing PWM control and additional features, reducing part count and BOM. Meanwhile they can implement different compensation schemes under different conditions, making it possible to achieve high PF, low THD, and high efficiency across line and load ranges. This can be as simple as using different parameters and as elaborative as shedding phases or throttling back on PWM frequency or switching to a different compensation such as feed forward on sudden line or load change. Techniques such as over sampling or biasing of sensed current can be implemented for example to improve PF and THD at high line and light load. Another advantage of digital controllers is the possibility of different versions of firmware for different product offerings based on the same h/w reducing the time and investment associated with making h/w changes. Most AC/DC power supplies use dual PWM controllers, a PFC controller and a DC/DC controller. This is also true for applications using TI digital controllers.

However, TI's digital controllers can combine both PFC and DC/DC control without compromising either PFC or DC/DC performance. Challenge with using a single controller is output voltage sensing and load sharing control across isolation boundary. Its main advantage is integration and not having to deal with two separate controllers. Digital controllers rely on fast on-chip ADC to sample and convert the currents and voltages, on fast CPU to execute the compensation and update the control or PWM duty, and on flexible PWM module to generate the PWM patterns for different power topologies. They also rely on extra CPU bandwidth and additional peripherals for system supervisory and communication tasks. On-chip analog comparators closely coupled into the PWM generation are also commonly seen peripherals to help save CPU bandwidth and increase loop bandwidth. High PWM resolution is required for high PWM switching frequency which is critically important in today's designs. Digital controllers rely on executing software code to perform control and system supervisory functions.